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Relative permeability must be between zero and one. In applications, relative permeability is often represented as a function of water saturation; however, owing to capillary hysteresis one often resorts to a function or curve measured under drainage and another measured under imbibition.
Craig [1] proposed three rules of thumb for interpretation of wettability from relative permeability curves. These rules are based on the value of interstitial water saturation, the water saturation at the crossover point of relative permeability curves (i.e., where relative permeabilities are equal to each other), and the normalized water permeability at residual oil saturation (i.e ...
Diamagnets are materials with a magnetic permeability less than μ 0 (a relative permeability less than 1). Consequently, diamagnetism is a form of magnetism that a substance exhibits only in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It is generally a quite weak effect in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect.
in which is the absolute permeability, is the relative permeability, φ is the porosity, and μ is the fluid viscosity. Rocks with better fluid dynamics (i.e., experiencing a lower pressure drop in conducting a fluid phase) have higher TEM versus saturation curves.
All this requires different relative permeability curves for the x and z directions. Geological heterogeneities in the reservoirs like laminas or crossbedded permeability structures in the rock, also cause directional relative permeabilities. This tells us that relative permeability should, in the most general case, be represented by a tensor.
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A closely related parameter is the permeability, which expresses the total magnetization of material and volume. The volume magnetic susceptibility , represented by the symbol χ v (often simply χ , sometimes χ m – magnetic, to distinguish from the electric susceptibility ), is defined in the International System of Units – in other ...
Hysteresis loop Induction B as function of field strength H for H varying between H min and H max; for ferromagnetic material the B has different values for H going up and down, therefore a plot of the function forms a loop instead of a curve joining two points; for perminvar type materials, the loop is a "rectangle" (Domain Structure of Perminvar Having a Rectangular Hysteresis Loop, Williams ...