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The bride always wears a western-style virgin-white wedding gown. Contemporary Goan Catholics typically have a White wedding. The bridal entourage usually consists of the Maid of Honour, Bridesmaids, Best man and Groomsmen. Ballroom dancing and live western-style band music are an integral part of a Goan Catholic wedding reception.
In the past, Goan Catholic women wore a hol, a white sheet over their saris, while going to Church. [113] [114] In the early period of Portuguese rule, Goan Catholic women were married in whites saris (hol) and changed into a red dress or sari, known as saddo, at home. [115] Women of the upper strata wore the Fota-Kimao after the Church ceremony.
This is caused by a combination of permanent emigration of native Goans from Goa to cosmopolitan Indian cities (e.g. Mumbai, Bangalore) and foreign countries, [19] combined with mass immigration of non-Goans from the rest of India since the 20th century, which has made Goans a virtual minority in the state. [20]
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It was necessary for Catholic missionaries to learn the local Konkani language in order to carry out evangelic activities. Hence, during the 16th and 18th century, Catholic missionaries and priests contributed a lot for Goan Catholic literature by composing and publishing books in Konkani, as manual of devotion for converts. [2] [3]
According to the 1909 statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population in Portuguese controlled Goa was 293,628 out of a total population of 365,291 (80.33%). [42] Since 20th century, the percentage of the Christian population of Goa has been facing continual decline although the number of Christians has increased.
Agnelo Gustavo Adolfo de Souza S.F.X. (21 January 1869 – 20 November 1927), was a Goan Roman Catholic priest of the Society of the Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier, Pilar who performed missionary work in the province of Goa, then part of Portuguese India.
Over 75 Goan composers, including priests and lay people participated in composing music for the hymns in this book. [1] A major contributor to the hymnal was Fr. Vasco do Rego SJ, who wrote many of the hymns. [2] [3] Gaionancho Jhelo originated as a booklet of hymns that Fr. Rego began composing in 1963.