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The weight of a vessel can be readily determined by reading draughts and comparing with the known hydrostatic properties. The metacentric height (GM), which dominates stability, can be estimated from the design, but an accurate value must be determined by an inclining test.
The metacentric height is an approximation for the vessel stability at a small angle (0-15 degrees) of heel. Beyond that range, the stability of the vessel is dominated by what is known as a righting moment. Depending on the geometry of the hull, naval architects must iteratively calculate the center of buoyancy at increasing angles of heel.
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
The ship's hydrostatic tables show the corresponding volume displaced. [4] To calculate the weight of the displaced water, it is necessary to know its density. Seawater (1,025 kg/m 3) is more dense than fresh water (1,000 kg/m 3); [5] so a ship will ride higher in salt water than in fresh. The density of water also varies with temperature.
Loadline displacement – The weight or mass of the ship loaded to the load line or plimsoll mark. Deadweight tonnage (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water , provisions, passengers, and crew.
Reach truck handling stretch wrapped unit load Air cargo container of the AKH type on a trailer. The term unit load refers to the size of an assemblage into which a number of individual items are combined for ease of storage and handling, [1] for example a pallet load represents a unit load which can be moved easily with a pallet jack or forklift truck, or a container load represents a unit ...
On container ships the position of containers are identified by a bay-row-tier coordinate system. The bays illustrate the cross sections of the ship and are numbered from bow to stern. The rows run the length of the ship and are numbered from the middle of the ship outwards, even numbers on the port side and odd numbers on the starboard side ...
This system used roller containers that were moved by rail, truck and ship, in various configurations up to a capacity of 5,500 kg (12,100 lb), and up to 3.1 by 2.3 by 2 metres (10 ft 2 in × 7 ft 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 6 ft 6 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) size. [21] [22] This became the first post World War II European railway standard UIC 590, known as "pa ...