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In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a period of broad decline in economic activity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock ).
Contraction (economics), a general slowdown in economic activity; the opposite of economic expansion Contraction (physics) , change in the volume of matter in response to a change in temperature Lanthanide contraction , the decrease in size of the ionic radius of lanthanide elements with their growing atomic number
An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned. [48] business cycle. Also called the economic cycle or trade cycle. The downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend. [49] The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction ...
Business cycles are a type of fluctuation found in the aggregate economic activity of nations that organize their work mainly in business enterprises: a cycle consists of expansions occurring at about the same time in many economic activities, followed by similarly general recessions, contractions, and revivals which merge into the expansion ...
In technical terms, this leads to contraction or negative shift in an economy's aggregate supply curve. [23] In the resource scarcity scenario (Zinam 1982), stagflation results when a restricted supply of raw materials inhibits economic growth.
Economists commonly use the term recession to mean either a period of two successive calendar quarters each having negative growth [clarification needed] of real gross domestic product [1] [2] [3] —that is, of the total amount of goods and services produced within a country—or that provided by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): "...a significant decline in economic activity ...
The credit cycle is the expansion and contraction of access to credit over time. [1] Some economists, including Barry Eichengreen, Hyman Minsky, and other Post-Keynesian economists, and members of the Austrian school, regard credit cycles as the fundamental process driving the business cycle.
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".