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In 1993, already more than 100 gastropod species were known to occur in hydrothermal vents. [33] Over 300 new species have been discovered at hydrothermal vents, [34] many of them "sister species" to others found in geographically separated vent areas.
In a series of eight dives conducted by Pisces IV, the scientists discovered a vibrant hydrothermal vent community on the leading edge of a 300 m (984 ft) fissure within the caldera. Vent temperatures were measured around 35 °C (95 °F), approximately 30 °C (54 °F) hotter than the surrounding environment. [16]
hydrothermal vent. Hydrothermal vents were discovered in 1977 by scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography. So far, the discovered hydrothermal vents are all located at the boundaries of plates: East Pacific, California, Mid-Atlantic ridge, China and Japan.
A deep-diving robot that chiseled into the rocky Pacific seabed at a spot where two of the immense plates comprising Earth's outer shell meet has unearthed a previously unknown realm of animal ...
Samples from the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents off the southwest coast of British Columbia showed that active venting black smokers had viral abundances from 1.45×10 5 to 9.90×10 7 per mL, with a drop-off in abundance found in the hydrothermal-vent plume (3.5×10 6 per mL) and outside the venting system (2.94×10 6 per mL).
They were able to take an accurate temperature reading of the active vent (the previous dive's thermometer had melted) and recorded a temperature of 350 °C (623 K; 662 °F). [ 11 ] They continued searching for more vents along the East Pacific Rise between 1980 and 1982.
Many of the species found living near hydrothermal vents during this expedition had never been seen before. At the time, the presence of thermal springs near the midoceanic ridges was known. Further research uncovered aquatic life in the area, despite the high temperature (around 350–380 °C).
Bathymodiolus thermophilus is found clustered around deep sea thermal vents on the East Pacific Rise between 13°N and 22°S and in the nearby Galapagos Rift at depths around 2800 metres (one and a half miles). [4] [5] Deep sea hydrothermal vents are frequently found along tectonic plate boundaries, and underwater mountain ranges and ridges.