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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex. [1] It is the 3β- sulfate ester and a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and circulates in far greater relative concentrations than DHEA. [ 2 ]
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. [4] It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. [5] DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands, [6] the gonads, and the brain. [7]
A congenital deficiency in the enzyme is associated with X-linked ichthyosis, a scaly-skin disease affecting roughly 1 in every 2,000 to 6,000 males. [7] [8] The excessive skin scaling and hyperkeratosis is caused by a lack of breakdown and thus accumulation of cholesterol sulfate, a steroid that stabilizes cell membranes and adds cohesion, in the outer layers of the skin.
DHEA was discovered, via isolation from male urine, by Adolf Butenandt and Hans Dannenbaum in 1934, and the compound was isolated from human blood plasma by Migeon and Plager in 1954. [9] [11] DHEA sulfate, the 3β-sulfate ester of DHEA, was isolated from urine in 1944, and was found by Baulieu to be the most abundant steroid hormone in human ...
Pregnenolone and its 3β-sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and progesterone, belong to the group of neurosteroids that are found in high concentrations in certain areas of the brain, and are synthesized there.
The specific skin surface bacteria responsible are mainly Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium species. [2] The androstane steroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and androsterone sulfate have been detected in an extract of axillary hairs together with high concentrations of cholesterol.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, a major endogenous steroid sulfate. Note the steroid ester at the C3β position. Steroid sulfates are endogenous sulfate esters of steroids. [1] They are formed by steroid sulfotransferases via sulfation of endogenous steroids like cholesterol and steroid hormones. [1]
16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16α-hydroxy-DHEA or 16α-OH-DHEA) is an endogenous metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Both 16α-OH-DHEA and its 3β-sulfate ester, 16α-OH-DHEA-S, are intermediates in the biosynthesis of estriol from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). [1] 16α-OH-DHEA has estrogenic activity. [2]