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Indole test positive: appearance of pink layer at top (e.g. Escherichia coli) Like many biochemical tests on bacteria, results of an indole test are indicated by a change in color following a reaction with an added reagent. Pure bacterial culture must be grown in sterile tryptophan or peptone broth for 24–48 hours before performing the test.
Mechanism for the Nenitzescu indole synthesis. The reaction was first published by Nenitzescu in 1929, [1] and has since been refined by Allen et al. [2] In his 1996 publication, Allen and coworkers investigated the effects that different substituents on the benzoquinone starting material had on the arrangement of the final product. These ...
Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
The Fischer indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces the aromatic heterocycle indole from a (substituted) phenylhydrazine and an aldehyde or ketone under acidic conditions. [1] [2] The reaction was discovered in 1883 by Emil Fischer. Today antimigraine drugs of the triptan class are often synthesized by this method. The Fischer ...
This reaction is a one-pot synthesis and results in yields ranging from 50% to 98% depending on the substituent. [1] Step-wise mechanism of Fukuyama Indole Synthesis starting with the Isocyano substituent. The mechanism using 2-alkenylthioanilide is very similar, also starting with the formation of a bond, now between the tin radical and the ...
The synthesis proceeds through an intramolecular heteroatom Peterson olefination, ultimately resulting in an elimination reaction which expels a TMSO group and forms a pi-bond in the five-membered ring at the nitrogen atom. Then, keto-enol tautomerism occurs, resulting in the desired product. Reaction Mechanism for the Smith Indole Synthesis
The Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis is a series of organic reactions that produce indoles from o-nitrotoluenes 1. The first step is the formation of an enamine 2 using N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and pyrrolidine. The desired indole 3 is then formed in a second step by reductive cyclisation. The Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis
The reaction of iron powder with o-nitrocinnamic acid reduces the nitro group to a nitroso. The nitrogen then condenses with a carbon on the alkene chain with loss of a molecule of water to form a ring. Decarboxylation gives indole. Baeyer-Emmerling indole reaction mechanism