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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 February 2025. This article's lead section may be too long. Please read the length guidelines and help move details into the article's body. (August 2024) International treaty Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Participation in the Nuclear Non ...
Map of nuclear-armed states of the world NPT -designated nuclear weapon states (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States) Other states with nuclear weapons (India, North Korea, Pakistan) Other states presumed to have nuclear weapons (Israel) NATO or CSTO member nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Turkey, Belarus) States formerly possessing nuclear ...
The list of parties to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty encompasses the states which have signed and ratified or acceded to the international agreement limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. On 1 July 1968, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was opened for signature. The three depositary states were the Soviet Union (and later its ...
The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances comprises three substantially identical political agreements signed at the OSCE conference in Budapest, Hungary, on 5 December 1994, to provide security assurances by its signatories relating to the accession of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT).
In 1999, India was estimated to have 800 kilograms (1,800 lb) of separated reactor-grade plutonium, with a total amount of 8,300 kilograms (18,300 lb) of civilian plutonium, enough for approximately 1,000 nuclear weapons. [11] [12] India has conducted nuclear weapons tests in a pair of series namely Pokhran I and Pokhran II. [13]
The public stance of India and Pakistan on non-proliferation differs markedly. Pakistan has initiated a series of regional security proposals. It has repeatedly proposed a nuclear-free zone in South Asia, and has proclaimed its willingness to engage in nuclear disarmament and to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty if India would do so.
In nuclear ethics and deterrence theory, no first use (NFU) refers to a type of pledge or policy wherein a nuclear power formally refrains from the use of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in warfare, except for as a second strike in retaliation to an attack by an enemy power using WMD.
A total of 197 states may become parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, including all 193 member states of the United Nations, the Holy See, the State of Palestine, the Cook Islands, and Niue. As of September 2024, 73 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty, most recently Indonesia, Sierra Leone, and the Solomon Islands.