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In general, a distance matrix is a weighted adjacency matrix of some graph. In a network, a directed graph with weights assigned to the arcs, the distance between two nodes of the network can be defined as the minimum of the sums of the weights on the shortest paths joining the two nodes (where the number of steps in the path is bounded). [2]
The Minkowski distance can also be viewed as a multiple of the power mean of the component-wise differences between and . The following figure shows unit circles (the level set of the distance function where all points are at the unit distance from the center) with various values of p {\displaystyle p} :
In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L ∞ metric [1] is a metric defined on a real coordinate space where the distance between two points is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension. [2] It is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev.
The normalized angle, referred to as angular distance, between any two vectors and is a formal distance metric and can be calculated from the cosine similarity. [5] The complement of the angular distance metric can then be used to define angular similarity function bounded between 0 and 1, inclusive.
The Canberra distance is a numerical measure of the distance between pairs of points in a vector space, introduced in 1966 [1] and refined in 1967 [2] by Godfrey N. Lance and William T. Williams. It is a weighted version of L ₁ (Manhattan) distance . [ 3 ]
The Kendall tau distance between two rankings is the number of pairs that are in different order in the two rankings. For example, the Kendall tau distance between 0 3 1 6 2 5 4 and 1 0 3 6 4 2 5 is four because the pairs 0-1, 3-1, 2-4, 5-4 are in different order in the two rankings, but all other pairs are in the same order. [1]
In information theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein distance between two words is the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) required to change one word into the other.
For a fixed length n, the Hamming distance is a metric on the set of the words of length n (also known as a Hamming space), as it fulfills the conditions of non-negativity, symmetry, the Hamming distance of two words is 0 if and only if the two words are identical, and it satisfies the triangle inequality as well: [2] Indeed, if we fix three words a, b and c, then whenever there is a ...