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The change from an A*-G grading system to a 9-1 grading system by English GCSE qualifications has led to a 9-1 grade International General Certificate of Secondary Education being made available. [13] Before, this qualification was graded on an 8-point scale from A* to G with a 9th grade “U” signifying “Ungraded”.
In March 2020, Paper launched an education industry-focused blog. The Paper blog includes educator spotlights, industry interviews, and series about coping with school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. [8] The company has released a series of White Papers and guides for the education and edtech industry.
GCSE grades 3 to 1 (D to G) – Certificate and qualification awarded. At GCSE, awards a qualification at Level 1 of the RQF. U: ungraded/unclassified – no certificate or qualification awarded ^a 9–1 grades phased in by subject between 2017 and 2019 in England ^b New A*–G grades in Northern Ireland from 2019 [24]
The term "fine chemicals" was in use as early as 1908. [1] The emergence of the fine chemical industry as a distinct entity dates to the late 1970s, when the overwhelming success of the histamine H 2 receptor antagonists Tagamet (cimetidine) and Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) created a strong demand for advanced organic chemicals used in their manufacture.
International Paper is the world's largest pulp and paper maker. Paper mill Mondi in Slovakia. The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Diagram showing the sections of the Fourdrinier machine
The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m 3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1 500 kg/m 3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some specialty paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m 3 (50 lb/cu ft). [22] Paper may be classified into seven categories: [23] Printing papers of wide variety. Wrapping papers for the protection of goods and merchandise. This includes ...
The burn rate of cigarette paper is regulated through the application of different forms of microcrystalline cellulose to the paper. [138] Cigarette paper has been specially engineered by creating bands of different porosity to create "fire-safe" cigarettes. These cigarettes have a reduced idle burning speed which allows them to self-extinguish ...