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A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide).Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires.Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [1]
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls. The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, [1] [2] and soon afterwards in many countries around the world.
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [9] Star of Bombay: Sri Lanka 182 carats (36.4 g) Star Blue-violet National Museum of Natural History, Washington [10] Ruspoli Sapphire: 136.9 carats (27.38 g) [11] Stuart Sapphire: Sri Lanka 104 carats (20.8 g) Blue Tower of London [12] Bismarck Sapphire: Myanmar: 98.56 carats (19.712 ...
American Golden Topaz, the largest cut yellow topaz, weighing nearly 23,000 carats (4.6 kg). Chalmers Topaz , a 5,899.5-carat (1.17990 kg) cut topaz. Tsavorite
The carat weight measures the mass of a diamond. One carat is defined as 200 milligrams (about 0.007 ounces avoirdupois). The point unit—equal to one one-hundredth of a carat (0.01 carat, or 2 mg)—is commonly used for diamonds of less than one carat. All else being equal, the price per carat increases with carat weight, since larger ...
The value of aquamarine is determined by its weight, color, [5] cut, and clarity. [8] Due to its relative abundance, aquamarine is comparatively less expensive than other gemstones within the beryl group, such as emerald or bixbite (red beryl), however it is typically more expensive than similarly colored gemstones such as blue topaz .
Along with its sister publication, the older Handbook of United States Coins (The Official Blue Book), it is considered an authoritative U.S. coin price guide. The Guide Book and Handbook got their nicknames (and now official trademarks), the "Red Book" and the "Blue Book," due to their respective solid red and blue covers. [1]
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