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[1] [2] The term is usually used in the context of clothes. In general, clothing should be tested for colour fastness before using bleach or other cleaning products. [3] Lightfastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness are the main forms of colour fastness that are standardized. The light fastness of textile dye is categorized from one to eight ...
[1] [2] The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists pioneered the work on these test methods and together with the ASTM D13 committee. [3] Normally two identical dye samples are created. One is placed in the dark as the control and the other is placed in the equivalent of sunlight for a three-month period. A standard bluewool ...
In grey scale the lightfastness is rated between 1–5. 1 being very poor and 5 being excellent lightfastness. [1] [2] [10] On ASTM scale the lightfastness is rated between I-V. I is excellent lightfastness and it corresponds to ratings 7–8 on Blue Wool Scale. V is very poor lightfastness and it corresponds to Blue Wool scale rating 1. [10]
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(NCCl) 3 + dye-NH 2 → N 3 C 3 Cl 2 (NHdye) + HCl. The resulting dichlorotriazine can then be affixed to the cellulose fibre by displacement of one of the two chloride groups: [citation needed] N 3 C 3 Cl 2 (NHdye) + HO-cellulose → N 3 C 3 Cl(NHdye)(O-cellulose) + HCl. The fixation process is conducted in a buffered alkaline dye bath ...
They require an acidic dye bath, often using sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate mixtures (pH2-4), [7] together with leveling agents such as ethoxylated fatty amines. Milling dyes: These dyes are high molecule weight, with the result that migrates slowly. Consequently, they exhibit wet fastness, which is useful for dyeing wool materials.
Ostwald's first Color Harmony Manual was a set of 12 handbooks showing complementary hues. The first edition was published in 1942. It contained 680 color chips. Each color chip was a 5/8 inch square and had a tab where the Ostwald notation was written. [2] A Color Harmony Index was also produced. It used larger 1 inch square color chips.
[1] A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the material to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. [2]