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Base-cation saturation ratio (BCSR) is a method of interpreting soil test results that is widely used in sustainable agriculture, supported by the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (ATTRA) [1] and claimed to be successfully in use on over a million acres (4,000 km 2) of farmland worldwide.
Base saturation expresses the percentage of potential CEC occupied by the cations Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K + or Na +. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] These are traditionally termed "base cations" because they are non-acidic, although they are not bases in the usual chemical sense. [ 1 ]
If a soil has a CEC of 20 meq and 5 meq are aluminium and hydronium cations (acid-forming), the remainder of positions on the colloids (20 − 5 = 15 meq) are assumed occupied by base-forming cations, so that the base saturation is 15 ÷ 20 × 100% = 75% (the compliment 25% is assumed acid
Soil properties that can be measured quantitatively are used in this classification system – they include: depth, moisture, temperature, texture, structure, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, clay mineralogy, organic matter content and salt content. There are 12 soil orders (the top hierarchical level) in soil taxonomy.
By definition, they have at least 35% base saturation, meaning calcium, magnesium, and potassium are relatively abundant. This is in contrast to Ultisols , which are the more highly leached forest soils having less than 35% base saturation.
This is termed tension saturation and is not the same as saturation on a water-content basis. Water content in a capillary fringe decreases with increasing distance from the phreatic surface. The capillary head depends on soil pore size. In sandy soils with larger pores, the head will be less than in clay soils with very small pores. The normal ...
Although the brands were not named, “fifteen of the 22 bands we tested had a high percentage of total fluorine concentrations, and nine contained [perfluorohexanoic acid] PFHxA,” Alyssa Wicks ...
The umbric horizon (Latin: umbra, shade) is a thick, dark coloured, surface soil horizon rich in organic matter. It is identified by its dark colour and structure. Normally it has a pH of less than 5.5 representing a base saturation of less than 50 percent.