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In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text. The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name;
Click on a group name (e.g., Symbols) to display that group; click on the image of the appropriate character to enter that character at the current cursor position in the edit window. Some of the images of different characters are very similar in appearance, so it is important to use the correct image.
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Coded Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
It is the basis for some popular 8-bit character sets and the first two blocks of characters in Unicode. As of December 2024 [update] , 1.1% of all web sites use ISO/IEC 8859-1 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the most declared single-byte character encoding, but as Web browsers and the HTML5 standard [ 3 ] interpret them as the superset Windows-1252 ...
The Unicode Consortium and the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 jointly collaborate on the list of the characters in the Universal Coded Character Set.The Universal Coded Character Set, most commonly called the Universal Character Set (abbr. UCS, official designation: ISO/IEC 10646), is an international standard to map characters, discrete symbols used in natural language, mathematics, music, and other ...
A Unicode character is assigned a unique Name (na). [1] The name is composed of uppercase letters A–Z, digits 0–9, hyphen-minus and space.Some sequences are excluded: names beginning with a space or hyphen, names ending with a space or hyphen, repeated spaces or hyphens, and space after hyphen are not allowed.
Next to this name, a character can have one or more formal (normative) alias names. Such an alias name also follows the rules of a name: characters used (A-Z, -, 0-9, <space>) and not used (a-z, %, $, etc.). Alias names are also unique in the full name set (that is, all names and alias names are all unique in their combined set).
This list provides an inventory of character coding standards mainly before modern standards like ISO/IEC 646 etc. Some of these standards have been deeply involved in historic events that still have consequences. One notable example of this is the ITA2 coding used during World War II (1939–1945).