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Optical image of four tungsten transition-edge sensors for near-infrared single-photon detection. Image credit: NIST. A transition-edge sensor (TES) is a type of cryogenic energy sensor or cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance of the superconducting phase transition.
This BD business had annualized revenue of approximately $100 million; as of October 16, 2018, it had been integrated into Thermo Fisher's Life Sciences Solutions Segment. [43] In March 2019, Thermo Fisher Scientific announced its entry into the gene therapy manufacturing market with a $1.7 billion cash acquisition for Brammer Bio.
At the atomic scale, a temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This is due to charge carrier particles having higher mean velocities (and thus kinetic energy) at higher temperatures, leading them to migrate on average towards the colder side, in the process carrying heat across the material.
The TCD consists of an electrically heated filament in a temperature-controlled cell. Under normal conditions there is a stable heat flow from the filament to the detector body. When an analyte elutes and the thermal conductivity of the column effluent is reduced, the filament heats up and changes resistance.
On May 27, 2016, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. announced [9] its acquisition of FEI Company for US$4.2 billion, which commenced in early 2017. [10] At the time of the transaction, FEI had more than 2700 employees in over 20 countries. [11] The FEI trademark was phased out in favor of the Materials & Structural Analysis division of Thermo Fisher ...
It can be used as a sensor in cytotoxicity studies, drug development or as a non-invasive means to follow cell adhesion to in vitro surfaces. [3] Equipments based on the ECIS technique are also dedicated to monitor the chemokinetic activity of adherent cells spread on the electrode surface (micromotion) as well as their chemotactic activities ...
Symbol [nb 1] Name Symbol photon energy: n: 1: count of photons n with energy Q p = h c/λ. [nb 2] photon flux: Φ q: count per second: s −1: T −1: photons per unit time, dn/dt with n = photon number. also called photon power: photon intensity: I: count per steradian per second sr −1 ⋅s −1: T −1: dn/dω: photon radiance: L q: count ...
Low efficiency was the result, and germanium detector efficiency is still often quoted in relative terms to a "standard" 3″ x 3″ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Crystal growth techniques have since improved, allowing detectors to be manufactured that are as large as or larger than commonly available NaI crystals, although such detectors ...