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The equity premium puzzle addresses the difficulty in understanding and explaining this disparity. [1] This disparity is calculated using the equity risk premium: The equity risk premium is equal to the difference between equity returns and returns from government bonds. It is equal to around 5% to 8% in the United States. [2]
It is a measure of the number of times the cash flow over the life of the project can repay the outstanding debt balance. The Loan life cover ratio (LLCR), similarly is the ratio of the net present value of the cash flow over the scheduled life of the loan to the outstanding debt balance in the period. Other ratios of this sort include:
The risk premium is equally important for a bank's assets with the risk premium on loans, defined as the loan interest charged to customers less the risk free government bond, needing to be sufficiently large to compensate the institution for the increased default risk associated with providing a loan. [11]
The most popular fall into two categories: home-secured loans, including a lump-sum home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC), and a type of mortgage called a cash-out refinance.
Personal loans and home equity loans can provide a much-needed source of funding if you need cash. Personal loans are less risky as they’re unsecured, but they often come with higher interest ...
4 ways to build your home equity faster. If you don’t have enough equity in your home to qualify for a loan or line of credit, building that equity isn’t going to happen overnight. Still, you ...
Lending became much more creative which complicated the calculations. Subprime lending and creative loans such as the "pick a payment", [7] "pay option", [8] and "hybrid" loans brought on a new era of mortgage calculations. The more creative adjustable mortgages meant some changes in the calculations to specifically handle these complicated loans.
Where the forecast is of free cash flow to firm, as above, the value of equity is calculated by subtracting any outstanding debts from the total of all discounted cash flows; where free cash flow to equity (or dividends) has been modeled, this latter step is not required – and the discount rate would have been the cost of equity, as opposed ...