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In Windows NT, the booting process is initiated by NTLDR in versions before Vista and the Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) in Vista and later. [4] The boot loader is responsible for accessing the file system on the boot drive, starting ntoskrnl.exe, and loading boot-time device drivers into memory.
Microsoft Windows also includes a GUI (Windows dialog) variant of the command called winver, which shows the Service Pack or Windows Update installed (if any) as well as the version. In Windows before Windows for Workgroups 3.11 , running winver from DOS reported an embedded string in winver.exe .
It replaced the NTLDR present in older versions of Windows. The boot sector or UEFI loads the Windows Boot Manager (a file named BOOTMGR on either the system or the boot partition), accesses the Boot Configuration Data store and uses the information to load the operating system through winload.exe or winresume.exe on BIOS systems, and winload ...
Windows PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET Framework. PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET; Hamilton C shell, a clone of the Unix C shell by Hamilton Laboratories; Take Command Console (4NT), a clone of CMD.EXE with added features by JP Software; Take Command, a newer incarnation of 4NT
Each major version of the Windows API has a distinct name that identifies a compatibility aspect of that version. For example, Win32 is the major version of Windows API that runs on 32-bit systems. The name, Windows API, collectively refers to all versions of this capability of Windows.
Mingw-w64 includes a port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Binutils for Windows (assembler, linker, archive manager), a set of freely distributable Windows specific header files and static import libraries for the Windows API, a Windows-native version of the GNU Project's GNU Debugger, and miscellaneous utilities.
The line-oriented debugger DEBUG.EXE is an external command in operating systems such as DOS, OS/2 and Windows (only in 16-bit/32-bit versions [1]).. DEBUG can act as an assembler, disassembler, or hex dump program allowing users to interactively examine memory contents (in assembly language, hexadecimal or ASCII), make changes, and selectively execute COM, EXE and other file types.
The additional files attached for internal compiler errors usually have special formats that they save as, such as .dump for Java. These formats are generally more difficult to analyze than regular files, but can still have very helpful information for solving the bug causing the crash. [6] Example of an internal compiler error: