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Reagan was the leader of a dramatic conservative shift in American politics that undercut many of the domestic and foreign policies that had dominated the national agenda for decades. [180] [181] The common thread was a growing distrust of government to do the right thing on behalf of the people.
The most notable were Russell Kirk, James Burnham, Frank Meyer, Willmoore Kendall, L. Brent Bozell, Jr., and Whittaker Chambers. [48] In The Liberal Tradition in American, Louis Hartz claims that there has never been a European-style conservative tradition in America and that the sole mainstream tradition is Lockean liberalism. [49] 1957
Director Cecil B. DeMille, on who actor Edward G. Robinson wrote, "No more conservative or patriarchal figure existed in Hollywood, no one more opposed to communism or any permutation or combination thereof." [298] Producer Hal Roach was a member of the arch-conservative American Liberty League [299] Director Mel Gibson Producer Steve Mnuchin
The America First Committee (AFC) was an American isolationist pressure group against the United States' entry into World War II. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Launched in September 1940, it surpassed 800,000 members in 450 chapters at its peak. [ 3 ]
American conservatism is best characterized as a reaction against utopian ideas of progress [96] and European political philosophy from before the end of World War II. [97] Russell Kirk saw the American Revolution itself as "a conservative reaction, in the English political tradition, against royal innovation".
Two-term President Ronald Reagan, who held office from 1981 to 1989, was a transformative party leader. His conservative policies called for reduced social government spending and regulation, increased military spending, lower taxes, and a strong anti-Soviet Union foreign policy. Reagan's influence upon the party persisted into the 21st century.
During World War II, the proportion of African American men employed in manufacturing positions rose significantly. [346] In response to Roosevelt's policies, African Americans increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace won the election of 1940, and were at the helm of the nation as it prepared for and entered World War II. Roosevelt sought and won an unprecedented fourth term in office in 1944, but this time with Harry S. Truman as his Vice President.