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Development of the Commercial Crew Program (CCDev) began in the second round of the program, which was rescoped from a smaller technology development program for human spaceflight to a competitive development program that would produce the spacecraft to be used to provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station (ISS).
Crew-9 was modified to launch with only two crew and two empty seats. Its launch was delayed for weeks until Starliner was able to undock from ISS and clear the docking port. When Crew-9 arrived at ISS, the crew of CFT became members of the Crew-9 crew and will return on Crew-9 at the end of its mission. [173]
The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.
Current ISS crew names are in bold. The suffix (twice, thrice, ...) refers to the individual's number of spaceflights to the ISS, not the total number of spaceflights. Entries are noted with for women and for men. This list only includes crew members of the ISS. For a list including non-crew, see List of visitors to the International Space Station.
In October 2017, it was announced that the module would stay attached to the ISS until 2020, with options for two further one-year extensions. The module will be used to store up to 130 cargo transfer bags to make available space aboard the station. [39] The ISS crew began work in November 2017 to prepare BEAM for use as storage space. [40]
ISS Russian orbital segment after docking of UM Prichal module Cosmonaut Nikolai Budarin working inside one of the crew quarters aboard Zvezda service module. The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles ...
Japan is an International Space Station partner and contributes the Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo". [65] It has also provided cargo transport on the HTV cargo vehicle and is as of January 2025 [update] currently developing its successor, HTV-X , with consideration of utilizing a variant for future lunar gateway missions.
The ISS agreement program also called for the station components to be made highly durable and versatile — as it is intended to be used by astronauts indefinitely. A series of new engineering and manufacturing processes and equipment were developed, and shipments of steel, aluminium alloys and other materials were needed for the construction ...