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Opponent process theory of drug addiction, also known as the 'standard pattern of affective dynamics'. [6] PK/PD modeling simulations have demonstrated that this pattern can be reproduced by combining shorter opponent processes at a high frequency. [7] Richard Solomon developed a motivational theory based on opponent processes.
A Agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. challenging/detached) N Neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident) Data analysis demonstrated that higher scores for N and O, and lower scores for C and A, lead to increased risk of drug use. [47] [48] Users of different drugs have different five factor personality profiles. [49]
Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction. [4] The process of tolerance development is reversible (e.g., through a drug holiday [5]) and can involve both physiological factors and psychological factors. [6] One may also develop drug tolerance to side effects, [7] in which case ...
Information processing theory is the approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental psychologists who adopt the information processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturational changes in basic components of a child's mind. The theory is ...
Addiction is a fairly broad term; it is most often associated with substance use disorders, but it can also be extended to cover a number of other compulsive behaviors, including sex, internet, television, gambling, food, and shopping. Within these categories of addiction a common diagnostic scale involves tolerance, withdrawal, and cravings. [1]
These specifiers are determined by the number of diagnostic criteria present in a given case. In the DSM-5, the term drug addiction is synonymous with severe substance use disorder. [24] [30] The DSM-5 introduced a new diagnostic category for behavioral addictions. Problem gambling is the only condition included in this category in the fifth ...
Chemistry, not moral failing, accounts for the brain’s unwinding. In the laboratories that study drug addiction, researchers have found that the brain becomes conditioned by the repeated dopamine rush caused by heroin. “The brain is not designed to handle it,” said Dr. Ruben Baler, a scientist with the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
addiction – a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including alcohol) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences addictive drug – psychoactive substances that with repeated use are associated with significantly higher rates of substance use disorders, due in large part to the drug's effect on brain ...