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In AD 362, the emperor Julian wrote in his Hymn to King Helios that the Agon Solis was held in late December, between the end of the Saturnalia and the New Year. [54] Julian says it is dedicated to Helios and the "Invincible Sun". [55] Most scholars therefore date the festival to December 25 and associate it with the Natalis Solis Invicti. [56]
The birthday of an individual, or the anniversary of a founding of a temple; see Glossary of ancient Roman religion#dies natalis. Dies Natalis Solis Invicti, the "birthday" of the Roman solar deity Sol Invictus on December 25; the annual commemoration of a Christian martyr's death; see Calendar of saints; Dies Natalis, a cantata by Gerald Finzi
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There is some debate over the significance of the date December 21 for the cult of Sol. According to a single, late source, the Romans held a festival on December 21 of Dies Natalis Invicti, "the birthday of the unconquered one." Most scholars assume Sol Invictus was meant, although our source for this festival does not state so explicitly.
December 25 was the traditional date of the winter solstice in the Roman Empire, [28] where most Christians lived, and the Roman festival Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (birthday of Sol Invictus) had been held on this date since 274 AD. [29] In the East, the birth of Jesus was celebrated in connection with the Epiphany on January 6.
The Church may have also been influenced by the idea that Jesus was conceived and died on the same date; [106] Jesus died during Passover and, in the third century AD, Passover was celebrated on 25 March. [106] The Church may have calculated Jesus's birthday as nine months later, on 25 December. [106] But in fact the correspondence is spurious ...
China has finally broken its silence over the mysterious disappearance of its Mars rover, Zhurong.. The equipment has been struck in hibernation for almost a year, after disappearing in May 2022 ...
1 (Kalends): Dies natalis for the Temple of Juno Sospita, Mother and Queen; sacra at the Grove of Alernus, near the Tiber at the foot of the Palatine Hill; 5: Dies natalis for the Temple of Concordia on the Capitoline Hill; 13 (Ides): minor festival of Faunus on the Tiber Island; 13–22: Parentalia, a commemoration of ancestors and the dead ...