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Name given by Polish geographer Stefan Jarosz. [2] (pol.) Jezioro Piłsudskiego, a lake on Kosciusko Island named in honor of Józef Piłsudski - Polish politician, First Marshall and Prime Minister. Name given by Polish geographer Stefan Jarosz. [3] Kosciusko Island, named in honor of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Polish and American military leader. [4]
The process of blowing molten glass into a mold made of clay is known to have been employed in Syrian workshops as early as the 4th century BCE. [6] Romans adopted the technique in the 1st century CE. [7] Molds used in 19th-century European and American glass factories were cast in iron or bronze. [8]
Anti-Polish sentiment in the early 20th century relegated Polish immigrants to a below average social status in American society. Other white ethnic groups such as the Irish and Germans had assimilated to the American language and gained powerful positions in the Catholic Church and in various government positions by this time, and Poles were ...
The Free Society of Traders built a glass factory close to Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania during the early 1680s. The works, located at Frankford, [55] was managed by Joshua Tittery, who was also a potter. [56] They produced bottles and window panes for several years under the guidance of English glass blowers. [57]
Depiction of the Jamestown Polish craftsmen. Arguably the best-known rendition of the Jamestown Polish craftsmen is the painting of Poles in Jamestown by Arthur Szyk. The painting was part of a collection in the Polish Pavilion of the New York World Exposition in 1939. It displays 11 Poles, when historical documents state there were "eight ...
By the 1870s, glassware could be lead crystal or made from soda-lime, with crystal including lead as a key additive while soda-lime glass excludes lead. Glassware could also be decorated by cutting, engraving, or etching. Bottles continued to be made with low–quality green glass, but some bottles were made with high–quality glass and decorated.
The name was impressed on the slug plate, then it was inserted into the mold used to make the bottle – the result was the embossed name on the bottle. In 1980 a new bottle, nicknamed "dumpy," was introduced in the UK where it remains the standard now. [5] During the Second World War misuse or hoarding of milk bottles was made illegal in the ...
The history of bottle recycling in the United States has been characterized by four distinct stages. In the first stage, during the late 18th century and early 19th century, most bottles were reused or returned. [1] When bottles were mass-produced, people started throwing them out, which led to the introduction of bottle deposits. [2]