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AMD added a subset of SSE, 19 of them, called new MMX instructions, [3] and known as several variants and combinations of SSE and MMX, shortly after with the release of the original Athlon in August 1999, see 3DNow! extensions. AMD eventually added full support for SSE instructions, starting with its Athlon XP and Duron (Morgan core) processors.
SSE2 extends MMX instructions to operate on XMM registers. Therefore, it is possible to convert all existing MMX code to an SSE2 equivalent. Since an SSE2 register is twice as long as an MMX register, loop counters and memory access may need to be changed to accommodate this.
SSE3, Streaming SIMD Extensions 3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI), [1] is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 (x86) architecture. Intel introduced SSE3 in early 2004 with the Prescott revision of their Pentium 4 CPU. [ 1 ]
SSE4 (Streaming SIMD Extensions 4) is a SIMD CPU instruction set used in the Intel Core microarchitecture and AMD K10 (K8L).It was announced on September 27, 2006, at the Fall 2006 Intel Developer Forum, with vague details in a white paper; [1] more precise details of 47 instructions became available at the Spring 2007 Intel Developer Forum in Beijing, in the presentation. [2]
The initial Ryzen CPUs could be crashed by a particular sequence of FMA3 instructions, but updated CPU microcode fixes the problem. [23] July 2019: AMD Zen 2 and later Ryzen processors don't support FMA4 at all. [24] They continue to support FMA3. Only Zen 1 and Zen+ have unofficial FMA4 support.
Memory scrubbing consists of reading from each computer memory location, correcting bit errors (if any) with an error-correcting code , and writing the corrected data back to the same location. [ 1 ] Due to the high integration density of modern computer memory chips , the individual memory cell structures became small enough to be vulnerable ...
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
The model numbers of the Phenom line of processors were changed from the PR system used in its predecessors, the AMD Athlon 64 processor family. The Phenom model numbering scheme, for-later released Athlon X2 processors, is a four-digit model number whose first digit is a family indicator. [12]