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A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis) is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states. [2] They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. [ 2 ]
Xanthoma variants associated with hyperlipoproteinemia subtypes Xanthoma variant Associated subtype(s) Xanthoma striatum palmare: III Plane xanthoma: II Plane xanthoma specifically of the antecubital fossa and web spaces of the fingers: IIb Eruptive xanthoma: I, IV, V Tendinous xanthoma: II Xanthelasma: II, III Tuberous xanthoma: II, III
Eruptive xanthomas are 2–5 mm papules, often with a red ring around them, that occur in clusters on the skin of the trunk, buttocks and extremities. [2] Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia causes larger, tuberous xanthomas; these are red or orange and occur on the elbows and knees. Palmar crease xanthomas may also occur. [1] [2]
Treatment Serum appearance Estimated prevalence Type I a: 238600: Buerger-Gruetz syndrome or familial hyperchylomicronemia Decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Chylomicrons: Acute pancreatitis, lipemia retinalis, eruptive skin xanthomas, hepatosplenomegaly: Diet control Creamy top layer One in 1,000,000 [14] b: 207750: Familial apoprotein CII ...
Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign [1] lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance, but it may appear polypoid, papillomatous, or sessile. [ 2 ] : 535 The verruciform was first described by Shafer in 1971 on the oral mucosa. [ 3 ]
Generalized eruptive histiocytoma; Indeterminate cell histiocytosis; Juvenile xanthogranuloma; Progressive nodular histiocytoma; Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (Giant Cell) Reticulohistiocytoma; Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis; Rosai–Dorfman disease; Xanthoma disseminatum; Kikuchi disease; Erdheim–Chester disease. [2]
Medication-induced hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition that results from the decreasing of lipoprotein lipase activity resulting in eruptive xanthomas. [ 1 ] : 535 See also
Touton giant cells are also referred to as xanthelasmatic cells due to the fact they are found in lesions associated with xanthomas which are skin growths with yellow, lipid filled deposits. Touton giant cells are often frequently observed in granulomatous inflammation, which is a type of inflammation caused by the clustering of immune cells ...