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Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]
These were drive, cue, response and reward and were based on Hull's drive reduction theory of learning. [20] They used a similar construct to Hull's theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. [21]
In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine [1] is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of influencing the behavior of an individual; [ 2 ] an "excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance".
Reinforcement theory is based on behaviorism and explains motivation in relation to positive and negative outcomes of previous behavior. It uses the principle of operant conditioning , which states that behavior followed by positive consequences is more likely to be repeated, while behavior followed by negative consequences is less likely to be ...
While not a theory of motivation, per se, the theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance. The cognitive miser perspective makes people want to justify things in a simple way in order to reduce the effort they put into cognition. They do this by changing their attitudes, beliefs, or actions ...
Kenneth Wartinbee Spence (May 6, 1907 – January 12, 1967) was a prominent American psychologist known for both his theoretical and experimental contributions to learning theory and motivation. As one of the leading theorists of his time, [ 1 ] Spence was the most cited psychologist in the 14 most influential psychology journals in the last ...
The International Criminal Court pushed back against sanctions levied by President Donald Trump, saying Friday the move threatens to "erode international rule of law," and calling for a united front.
Motivation refers to the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and ... Drive reduction theory ...