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"Murder" and "manslaughter" are specific crimes, usually now defined by state criminal statutes. The specifics are going to differ from state to state, but in general, murder is the more serious crime and carries a more serious punishment. So if a person dies at another person's hand, it is a homicide, and it may also be murder or manslaughter.
You cannot, if found not guilty, be retried for the same crime, no matter the circumstances. This is the equivalent of double jeopardy. You cannot be punished twice for the same crime in the same respect. For example, if you murder someone, and you are found guilty, you are given the appropriate sentence, usually imprisonment and whatever else ...
1. I can't wrap my head around the fact that in many legal systems, the punishment for "voluntary manslaughter" (or similar) is different than the punishment for "first degree murder" (or similar). Some examples, all prefixed with " Unlawful, intentional, voluntary and successful killing of another human being...": with malice aforethought.
Finnish criminal law has a crime called "tappo", literally "killing" but translated as manslaughter. The definition of the crime is simply "Whoever kills another person." Murder is defined by premeditation or the presence of aggravating factors. As with other severe crimes, the sections end with "An attempt is punishable".
Now, in a system where the sentence for murder is the same as for attempted murder, there is no legal incentive for Alice to not attempt to murder Bob again: The worst that can come from murdering Bob is the same sentence she would be facing for attempted murder, while at best a successful murder allows her to cover up her crime.
As far as I know, the key difference between "Attempt Aggravated Assault" and "Attempted Murder" is whether or not the prosecution can prove that the perpetrator intended to kill someone. However, the requirement for proving intent has led to a lot of inconsistency in how these types of violent crimes are classified in practice.
25. Short Answer. No. Double jeopardy of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits someone from being prosecuted more than once for the same factually specific crime (i.e. "the same offense"). The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment provides: “ [N]or shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice ...
Jul 6, 2017 at 1:50. Several states (Illinois 4 years, Arkansas 6 years, Virginia and Texas 5 years) have a minimum penalty of less than 10 years for premeditated murder which often includes premeditated murder per the link in this answer. Also, in many states, term of years sentences can be reduced by 25%-50% for good behavior while ...
6. Ordinarily, you can be convicted of more than one crime for the same actions, but the sentences are served concurrently, rather than consecutively. So, for example, if the first degree murder but not the second degree murder charges were reversed on appeal (e.g. because the first degree murder charges were for "felony murder" and the ...
6. Genocide is perhaps more closely analogous to hate crimes than to murder. The definition of genocide includes crimes that do not involve killing people, or that need not include killing people. So suppose an army destroys a village that contains all the members of some tribe without any intent to destroy the tribe: it would not be genocide ...