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  2. South Pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pole

    The Geographic South Pole is marked by the stake on the right NASA image showing Antarctica and the South Pole in 2005. The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the point in the Southern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

  3. Sigma Octantis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Octantis

    Sigma Octantis is a solitary [9] star in the Octans constellation that forms the pole star of the Southern Hemisphere.Its name is also written as σ Octantis, abbreviated as Sigma Oct or σ Oct, and it is officially named Polaris Australis (/ p oʊ ˈ l ɛər ɪ s ɔː ˈ s t r eɪ l ɪ s /). [10]

  4. Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence_for_the...

    The imaginary line around which Earth spins, which goes between the North Pole and South Pole, is tilted about 23° from the oval that describes its orbit around the Sun. Earth always points in the same direction as it moves around the Sun, so for half the year (summer in the Northern Hemisphere), the North Pole is pointed slightly toward the ...

  5. Pole star - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_star

    On Earth, a pole star would lie directly overhead when viewed from the North or the South Pole. Currently, Earth's pole stars are Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris), a bright magnitude 2 star aligned approximately with its northern axis that serves as a pre-eminent star in celestial navigation, and a much dimmer magnitude 5.5 star on its southern ...

  6. Azimuthal equidistant projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_equidistant...

    While it may have been used by ancient Egyptians for star maps in some holy books, [1] the earliest text describing the azimuthal equidistant projection is an 11th-century work by al-Biruni. [2] The first use of the projection on a terrestrial map is the pair of hemispheres by Glareanus of about 1510. [ 1 ]

  7. Poles of astronomical bodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_of_astronomical_bodies

    Planetary magnetic poles are defined analogously to the Earth's North and South magnetic poles: they are the locations on the planet's surface at which the planet's magnetic field lines are vertical. The direction of the field determines whether the pole is a magnetic north or south pole, exactly as on Earth.

  8. Southern celestial hemisphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Celestial_Hemisphere

    Chart of the southern constellations from declination –40° to the south celestial pole by the Jesuit missionary François Noël published in Acta Eruditorum, 1711.. From the South Pole, in good visibility conditions, the Southern Sky features over 2,000 fixed stars that are easily visible to the naked eye, while about 20,000 to 40,000 with the aided eye.

  9. South magnetic pole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_magnetic_pole

    The south magnetic pole, also known as the magnetic south pole, is the point on Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the geomagnetic field lines are directed perpendicular to the nominal surface. The Geomagnetic South Pole, a related point, is the south pole of an ideal dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field that most closely fits the Earth's ...