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In social science research, social-desirability bias is a type of response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. [1] It can take the form of over-reporting "good behavior" or under-reporting "bad", or undesirable behavior.
Examples of such messaging services include: Skype, Facebook Messenger, Google Hangouts (subsequently Google Chat), Telegram, ICQ, Element, Slack, Discord, etc. Users have more options as usernames or email addresses can be used as user identifiers, besides phone numbers. Unlike the phone-based model, user accounts on a multi-device model are ...
The same question can be asked with three cards which are unmarked on one side, and bear a question on the other side. The cards are randomly mixed, and laid in front of the subject. The subject takes one card, turns it over, and answers the question on it truthfully with either "yes" or "no".
Survey methodology textbooks generally consider simple random sampling without replacement as the benchmark to compute the relative efficiency of other sampling approaches. [3] An unbiased random selection of individuals is important so that if many samples were drawn, the average sample would accurately represent the population.
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Facebook Messenger is an instant messaging service and software application. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008, [45] the company revamped its messaging service in 2010, [46] and subsequently released standalone iOS and Android apps in August 2011. [47]
[30] [31] Services such as Facebook Messenger/WhatsApp, Signal (software), Snapchat, Telegram (software), Viber have led to a decline in the use of SMS in parts of the world. A survey conducted by MetrixLabs showed that 63% of Baby Boomers, 63% of Generation X, and 67% of Generation Y said that they used instant messengers in place of texting. [32]
Yahoo! Messenger added video capabilities in 2001; [32] by 2005, such features were built-in also in AIM, MSN Messenger, and Skype. [33] There were a reported 100 million users of instant messaging in 2001. [34] As of 2003, AIM was the globally most popular instant messenger with 195 million users and exchanges of 1.6 billion messages daily. [35]