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A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides the rock into two or more pieces. A fracture will sometimes form a deep fissure or crevice in the rock. Fractures are commonly caused by stress exceeding the rock strength, causing the rock to lose cohesion along its weakest plane. [1]
Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories. The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of deformation ( strain ) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress ...
Fracture strength, also known as breaking strength, is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture. [2] This is usually determined for a given specimen by a tensile test, which charts the stress–strain curve (see image).
Fractography is the study of the fracture surfaces of materials. Fractographic methods are routinely used to determine the cause of failure in engineering structures, especially in product failure and the practice of forensic engineering or failure analysis.
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth 's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of ...
In geology and materials science, a deformation mechanism is a process occurring at a microscopic scale that is responsible for deformation: changes in a material's internal structure, shape and volume. [1] [2] The process involves planar discontinuity and/or displacement of atoms from their original position within a crystal lattice structure.
Concrete fracture analysis is part of fracture mechanics that studies crack propagation and related failure modes in concrete. [17] As it is widely used in construction, fracture analysis and modes of reinforcement are an important part of the study of concrete, and different concretes are characterized in part by their fracture properties. [ 18 ]
Fracture mechanics – Study of propagation of cracks in materials; Nuclear safety and security – Regulations for uses of radioactive materials; Progressive collapse – Building collapse type; Safety engineering – Engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety