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Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys to provide equivalent security, compared to cryptosystems based on modular exponentiation in Galois fields , such as the RSA cryptosystem and ElGamal cryptosystem .
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
ECC memory usually involves a higher price when compared to non-ECC memory, due to additional hardware required for producing ECC memory modules, and due to lower production volumes of ECC memory and associated system hardware. Motherboards, chipsets and processors that support ECC may also be more expensive.
This is the case in computer memory (usually RAM), where bit errors are extremely rare and Hamming codes are widely used, and a RAM with this correction system is an ECC RAM . In this context, an extended Hamming code having one extra parity bit is often used.
Such error-correcting memory, known as ECC or EDAC-protected memory, is particularly desirable for mission-critical applications, such as scientific computing, financial, medical, etc. as well as extraterrestrial applications due to the increased radiation in space.
However, on-die error-correction code is not the same as true ECC memory with extra data correction chips on the memory module. There still exists non-ECC and ECC DDR5 DIMM variants; ECC variants have extra data lines to the CPU to send error-detection data. Each DDR5 DIMM has two independent channels. Earlier DIMM generations featured only a ...
Rngtest result of a randomness test using FIPS 140-2. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued the FIPS 140 Publication Series to coordinate the requirements and standards for cryptography modules that include both hardware and software components.
DDR4 SDRAM was released to the public market in Q2 2014, focusing on ECC memory, [6] while the non-ECC DDR4 modules became available in Q3 2014, accompanying the launch of Haswell-E processors that require DDR4 memory. [7]