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The likelihood that melanoma will reoccur or spread depends on its thickness, how fast the cells are dividing, and whether or not the overlying skin has broken down. [2] Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. [2] Globally, in 2012, it newly occurred in 232,000 people. [2]
Evolution of a 4 mm nodular melanoma. Nodular melanoma (NM) is the most aggressive form of melanoma. [1] It tends to grow more rapidly in thickness (vertically penetrate the skin) than in diameter compared to other melanoma subtypes. [2] Instead of arising from a pre-existing mole, it may appear in a spot where a lesion did not previously exist.
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a type of skin cancer. [6] It typically begins as a uniform brownish mark before becoming darker and wider with a blurred, irregular border. ALM is most frequently seen on the foot of a person with darker skin but can also be found in non-sun exposed areas such as the palms , soles , and under finger and ...
In comparison, the mortality rate of melanoma is 15–20% and it causes 6500 deaths per year. [67]: 29, 31 Even though it is much less common, malignant melanoma is responsible for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. [68] The survival rate for people with melanoma depends upon when they start treatment.
To kill the same number of cancerous cells, neutrons require one third the effective dose as protons. [1] Another advantage is the established ability of neutrons to better treat some cancers, such as salivary gland, adenoid cystic carcinomas and certain types of brain tumors, especially high-grade gliomas [ 2 ]
For example, assuming a 99% kill per cycle of chemotherapy, a tumor of 10 11 cells would be reduced to less than one cell with six treatment cycles: 10 11 * 0.01 6 < 1. [3] However, the tumor can also re-grow during the intervals between treatments, limiting the net reduction of each fractional kill. [4]
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