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A thyroglossal cyst or thyroglossal duct cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct. Thyroglossal cysts can be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages.
Three-fourths of abnormalities within a persistent thyroglossal duct involve the formation of a cyst. [2] If a persistent thyroglossal duct becomes fluid filled it will form a thyroglossal duct cyst, which accounts for 70% of congenital neck masses and is the most likely diagnosis if the mass is along the midline of the neck. [3]
For masses presenting in adulthood, the presumption should be a malignancy until proven otherwise, since carcinomas of the tonsil, tongue base and thyroid may all present as cystic masses of the neck. [6] Unlike a thyroglossal duct cyst, when swallowing, the mass should not move up or down. [7]
English: What is a thyroglossal duct cyst? Thyroglossal duct cysts are cysts in the neck that form as a result of the thyroglossal duct not closing. Sources: · Robbins Pathology 9th Edition · Langman’s Medical Embryology
Fig. 21. Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a thyroglossal duct cyst in a 28-year-old male. an Axial enhanced CT scan shows a large complex cystic lesion (white arrows) adherent to the anterior aspect of the hyoid bone. It has an enhancing mural solid nodules and calcifications (black arrows).
Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. [4] Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is also used. [5] [6] [7] Thyroid nodules are extremely common in young adults and children.
A neck mass or neck lump is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area. There are many different possible causes, [ 1 ] including head and neck cancer [ 2 ] and congenital conditions like branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts .
Papillary thyroid cancer (magnified at right) arising within ectopic thyroid tissue of a thyroglossal cyst is a rare occurrence (less than 1% of such cysts). [38] According to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), the incidence of papillary cancer has increased from 4.8 to 14.9 per 100,000 from 1975 to 2012. Females are more ...