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The success of New York City's Metropolitan Board of Health in improving public health conditions and managing disease outbreaks demonstrated the effectiveness of a centralized, empowered health authority. This model was subsequently adopted by other cities and states, shaping the future of public health administration in America. [24] [25] [26]
Smallpox was the disease brought by Europeans that was most destructive to the Native Americans, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The first well-documented smallpox epidemic in the Americas began in Hispaniola in late 1518 and soon spread to Mexico. [24]
2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks; 2015 United States E. coli outbreak; 2015 United States H5N2 outbreak; 2016 United States Elizabethkingia outbreak; 2017–2018 United States flu season; 2018 United States adenovirus outbreak; 2019 New York measles outbreak; 2019 Pacific Northwest measles outbreak; 2019 United States hepatitis A outbreak
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
By the 1730s, smallpox had made its way west across Canada and the northern United States to the edge of the American frontier. The Assiniboine First Nation had controlled much of this territory, but were forced to give it up as their population decreased dramatically as a result of the disease's high mortality rate. [2]
Chile reported scarlet fever the first time in 1827 and highest rates were seen during winter months. [55] The disease spread from Valparaiso to Santiago from 1831 to 1832 and claimed 7,000 lives. [55] There were multiple outbreaks in different locations of Chile, including Copaipo in 1875 and Caldera in 1876. [55]
The Wampanoag people were the first indigenous population to have contact with the European settlers arriving in Plymouth off the Mayflower. The estimates of the original Wampanoag population were approximately 12,000, though after the introduction of colonization and disease their populations were decimated to a mere 400.
Colonial epidemic disease in Hawaii has greatly threatened the Native Hawaiian population since its introduction to the islands over a hundred years ago. Beginning with the first colonizers led by Captain James Cook that arrived in the islands in 1778, [1] all the way up until today, foreign disease has been present in Native Hawaiians.