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Distrust is a formal way of not trusting any one party too much in a situation of grave risk or deep doubt.It is commonly expressed in civics as a division or balance of powers, or in politics as means of validating treaty terms.
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia, and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. People with this personality disorder may be hypersensitive, easily insulted, and habitually relate to the world by vigilant scanning of the environment for clues or suggestions that may validate their fears or biases.
Making false accusations and the general distrust of other people also frequently accompany paranoia. [2] For example, a paranoid person might believe an incident was intentional when most people would view it as an accident or coincidence. Paranoia is a central symptom of psychosis. [3]
Whereas a person suffering from paranoia feels that persons or entities are conspiring against them, a person experiencing pronoia believes that the world around them conspires to do them good. The belief can be an irrational belief subject to medical diagnosis, or an enthusiastic, spiritual belief.
For example, disappointments and disillusionments in life can cause a person to adopt a misanthropic outlook. [64] [65] In this regard, the more idealistic and optimistic the person initially was, the stronger this reversal and the following negative outlook tend to be. [64] This type of psychological explanation is found as early as Plato's ...
Cynicism is an attitude characterized by a general distrust of the motives of others. [1] A cynic may have a general lack of faith or hope in people motivated by ambition, desire, greed, gratification, materialism, goals, and opinions that a cynic perceives as vain, unobtainable, or ultimately meaningless.
Machiavellianism is one of the traits in the dark triad model, along with psychopathy and narcissism. In the field of personality psychology, Machiavellianism (sometimes abbreviated as MACH) is the name of a personality trait construct characterized by interpersonal manipulation, indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest.
Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. In this view, the Dunning–Kruger effect is the thesis that those who are incompetent in a given area tend to be ignorant of their incompetence, i.e., they lack the metacognitive ability to become aware of their incompetence.