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An anorectic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. [4] Examples of anorectics includes stimulants like amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine, along with opiates. Abusing them can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa.
Alcohol alters platelet response; moderate alcohol consumption can increase the amount of time bleeding by slowing down coagulation (as platelet aggregation decreases). Moreover, heavy alcohol consumption can lead to increased platelet aggregation thus increasing blood clotting and possibly leading to strokes and/or thrombosis. [13]
Chronic kidney failure is measured in five stages, which are calculated using the person's GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. Stage 1 CKD is mildly diminished renal function, with few overt symptoms. Stages 2 and 3 need increasing levels of supportive care from their medical providers to slow and treat their renal dysfunction.
The normal human kidney, through suppression of anti-diuretic hormone, is able to excrete vast amounts of dilute urine. Healthy adult kidneys are able to excrete over 20 liters of water each day. However, maximum hourly rates rarely exceed 800 to 1,000 mL/hr [1]. The intake of solutes is necessary to excrete free water.
The term "non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease" (NDD-CKD) is a designation used to encompass the status of those persons with an established CKD who do not yet require the life-supporting treatments for kidney failure known as kidney replacement therapy (RRT, including maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation).
Kidney disease. CDC. 10 Signs You May Have Kidney Disease. National Kidney Foundation. Aging and kidney disease. National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Recipients Over the Age ...
In addition, imaging of the kidneys (for structure and presence of two kidneys) is sometimes carried out, and/or a biopsy of the kidneys. The first test will be a urinalysis to test for high levels of proteins, [35] as a healthy subject excretes an insignificant amount of protein in their urine. The test will involve a 24-hour bedside urinary ...
Higher dietary intake of animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol may increase risk for microalbuminuria, a sign of kidney function decline, [10] and generally, diets higher in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains but lower in meat and sweets may be protective against kidney function decline. [11]
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