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Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol, sold under the brand name Combivent among others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic ) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2 -adrenergic agonist ).
Potentially serious side effects are unusual, but include severe allergic reaction, eye pain or change in vision, or urinary retention. It is considered safe during pregnancy, but it can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. [11] Ipratropium bromide was patented in 1966, and approved for medical use in 1974. [12]
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle . [ 8 ]
Salbutamol and terbutaline are also both available in oral forms. [11] In addition, several of these medications are available in intravenous forms, including both salbutamol and terbutaline . It can be used in this form in severe cases of asthma , but it is more commonly used to suppress premature labor because it also relaxes uterine muscle ...
Evidence is inconclusive regarding the efficacy of levosalbutamol versus salbutamol or salbutamol-levosalbutamol combinations, though levosalbutamol is believed to have a better safety profile due to its more selective binding to β 2 receptors (primarily in the lungs) versus β 1 (primarily in heart muscle). [2] [3]
Some examples of anticholinergics are tiotropium (Spiriva) and ipratropium bromide. [citation needed] Tiotropium is a long-acting, 24-hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Only available as an inhalant, ipratropium bromide is used in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids [citation needed] or treating nocturnal asthma and providing ...
There is no clear first-line tocolytic agent. [6] [7] Current evidence suggests that first line treatment with β 2 agonists, calcium channel blockers, or NSAIDs to prolong pregnancy for up to 48 hours is the best course of action to allow time for glucocorticoid administration.