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Gully erosion can progress through a variety and combination of processes. The erosion processes include incision and bank erosion by water flow, mass movement of saturated or unsaturated bank or wall material, groundwater seepage - sapping the overlying material, collapse of soil pipes or tunnels in dispersive soils, or a combination of these ...
A gully in Calabar, Nigeria. Impact of gully erosion. The Nigerian gully erosion crisis has been underway since before 1980. It is an ecological, environmental, economic, and humanitarian disaster resulting in land degradation, as well as the loss of lives and properties worth millions of dollars.
Gully erosion acts as an important source for sediments. [15] If an area has gully erosion, it means that the area has serious land degradation. In the Loess Plateau, the contribution of gully erosion on total sediment production in the hilly areas is about 60% to 90%. [8] It is serious in the Loess Plateau.
Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin. The stream erodes away at the rock and soil at its headwaters in the opposite direction that it flows. Once a stream has begun to cut back, the erosion is sped up by the steep gradient the water is ...
As erosion of the knickpoint and the streambed continues, the head cut will migrate upstream. [3] Groundwater seeps and springs are sometimes found along the face, sides, or base of a head cut. [4] [5] Channel incision is very common when head cuts are involved in stream morphology. In terms of stream restoration, head cuts are one of the most ...
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [10]: 60–61 [13] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [14] ejecting soil particles. [4]
The board approved the project on May 8, 2012. It commenced operation on September 16, 2013, with the appointment of Amos Abu, Ruth Jane Kennedy-Walker, and Grant Milne as team leaders, the Federal Ministry of Environment as the implementing agency, and a total project cost of US$650 million and committed amount of World Bank of US$500 million.
According to Merriam-Webster, a ravine is "a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water". [1] Some societies and languages do not differentiate between a gully and ravine; in others, there is a distinction, particularly when concerning environmental ...