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Resistant hypertension: add spironolactone ACC / AHA 2017 [13] General <130/80 BP > 130/80: Lifestyle changes and monotherapy with thiazide-type diuretic, ACEI/ARB, and/or CCB BP >20/10 above target: Lifestyle changes and two from different classes: thiazide-type diuretic, ACEI/ARB, and/or CCB JNC 8 2013 [1] General age ≥60 General age <60 ...
Guidelines for treating resistant hypertension have been published in the UK [45] and US. [46] It has been proposed that a proportion of resistant hypertension may be the result of chronic high activity of the autonomic nervous system, known as "neurogenic hypertension". [47] Low adherence to treatment is an important cause of resistant ...
Hypertension is slightly more frequent in men. [10] In people aged under 50 years, more men than women have hypertension, [10] and in ages above 50 years the prevalence of hypertension is the same in men and women. [10] In ages above 65 years, more women than men have hypertension. [7] Hypertension becomes more common with age. [5]
For mild blood pressure elevation, consensus guidelines call for medically supervised lifestyle changes and observation before recommending initiation of drug therapy. However, according to the American Hypertension Association, evidence of sustained damage to the body may be present even prior to observed elevation of blood pressure.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension or the DASH diet is a diet to control hypertension promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains ...
Careful monitoring for signs of end-organ damage or progression to hypertension is an important part of the follow-up of patients with prehypertension. Any change in blood pressure classification should be confirmed on at least one subsequent visit. The major indication for pharmacologic antihypertensive therapy is progression to hypertension.
In addition, hypertension precedes heart failure in 90% of cases, [7] and the majority of heart failure in the elderly may be attributable to hypertension. [17] Hypertensive heart disease was estimated to be responsible for 1.0 million deaths worldwide in 2004 (or approximately 1.7% of all deaths globally), and was ranked 13th in the leading ...
In general, the thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics reduce the risk of death, stroke, heart attack, and heart failure due to hypertension. [11] Clinical practice guidelines regarding the use of thiazides vary by geographic region. Guidelines in the United States recommend thiazides as a first-line treatment for hypertension (JNC VIII). [12]