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In finance, a security interest is a legal right granted by a debtor to a creditor over the debtor's property (usually referred to as the collateral [1]) which enables the creditor to have recourse to the property if the debtor defaults in making payment or otherwise performing the secured obligations. [2]
A security interest can be created by contracts, liens created by statutes, and liens created by judicial acts. [9] UCC §9-203(b) requires three things to create a security interest in the United States: possession of the collateral or an authenticated security agreement with a description of the collateral, value of the collateral, and
A security interest becomes enforceable against the collateral as soon as it attaches. Attachment requires three things: (i) that the debtor have rights in the collateral or the power to convey rights; (ii) that value be given; and (iii) in most cases, that the debtor have authenticated a security agreement that adequately describes the collateral.
A secured creditor is a creditor with the benefit of a security interest over some or all of the assets of the debtor. In the event of the bankruptcy of the debtor, the secured creditor can enforce security against the assets of the debtor and avoid competing for a distribution on liquidation with the unsecured creditors.
An equity security is a share of equity interest in an entity such as the capital stock of a company, trust or partnership. The most common form of equity interest is common stock, although preferred equity is also a form of capital stock. The holder of an equity is a shareholder, owning a share, or fractional part of the issuer.
If the security agreement is for a purchase money security interest in consumer goods, perfection is automatic. Otherwise, the lender must record either the agreement itself, or a UCC-1 financing statement , in an appropriate public venue (usually the state secretary of state or a state business commission under that person's authority).
This process is also called "perfecting the security interest" in the property, and this type of loan is a secured loan. [2] A financing statement may also be filed in the real estate records by a lessor of fixtures to establish the priority of the lessor's rights against a holder of a mortgage or other lien on the real property.
The statutes creating mechanic's liens usually give them a higher priority with respect to other interests in the title than the law gives most real property security interests. Among other things, priority is the attribute that determines which of several competing security claims will have the first claim to the funds of a foreclosure sale ...