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Surface acoustic wave sensors are a class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which rely on the modulation of surface acoustic waves to sense a physical phenomenon. The sensor transduces an input electrical signal into a mechanical wave which, unlike an electrical signal, can be easily influenced by physical phenomena.
A sensor array is a group of sensors, usually deployed in a certain geometry pattern, used for collecting and processing electromagnetic or acoustic signals. The advantage of using a sensor array over using a single sensor lies in the fact that an array adds new dimensions to the observation, helping to estimate more parameters and improve the estimation performance.
It consists of an array of acoustic sensor stations that are linked via radio to a receiving base. Each sensor has the ability to monitor hostile territory, international borders, and/or detect indirect weapon fire covertly with 24-hour surveillance.
Data acquisition hardware for acoustic measurements typically utilizes 24-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), anti-aliasing filters, and other signal conditioning. This signal conditioning may include amplification, filtering, sensor excitation, and input configuration. Another consideration is the frequency range of the instrumentation.
This method relates to the technique of Real-Time sound localization utilizing an Acoustic Vector Sensor (AVS) array, which measures all three components of the acoustic particle velocity, as well as the sound pressure, unlike conventional acoustic sensor arrays that only utilize the pressure information and delays in the propagating acoustic ...
An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a transducer for non-contact acoustic wave generation and reception in conducting materials. Its effect is based on electromagnetic mechanisms, which do not need direct coupling with the surface of the material. Due to this couplant-free feature, EMATs are particularly useful in harsh, i.e., hot ...
Information obtained with the research of infrasonic sensing arrays lead to the development of The Unattended Transient Acoustic MASINT Sensor (UTAMS) computer carried by the Aerostat of Persistent Threat Detection System (PTDS), which was an acoustic sensor used to detect the point of origin and the point of impact of missiles, IEDs, and missiles.
To infer information about the acoustic field it is necessary to sample the field in space and time. Temporal sampling has already been discussed in a previous section. The sensor array samples the spatial domain, while the beamformer integrate the sensor’s output in a special way to enhance detection and estimation performance of the system.