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Archaeoglobus grow anaerobically at extremely high temperatures between 60 and 95 °C, with optimal growth at 83 °C (ssp.A. fulgidus VC-16). [2] They are sulfate-reducing archaea, coupling the reduction of sulfate to sulfide with the oxidation of many different organic carbon sources, including complex polymers.
Archaea exhibit a great variety of chemical reactions in their metabolism and use many sources of energy. These reactions are classified into nutritional groups, depending on energy and carbon sources. Some archaea obtain energy from inorganic compounds such as sulfur or ammonia (they are chemotrophs).
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek εὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a kingdom of archaea. [3] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. Salt-tolerant archaea (the Haloarchaea ) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon ; however, unlike plants and cyanobacteria , no known species of archaea does both.
Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. Salt-tolerant archaea (the Haloarchaea ) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon ; however, unlike plants and cyanobacteria , no known species of archaea does both.
The estimates for bacteria and archaea have been updated to 30 billion tonnes C combined since this figure was made. [20] Most of the global biomass is found on land, with only 5 to 10 billion tonnes C found in the oceans. [24] On land, there is about 1,000 times more plant biomass (phytomass) than animal biomass (zoomass). [29]
In 1985, Shimizu Construction developed a bioreactor that uses Methanosarcina to treat waste water from food processing plants and paper mills. The water is fed into the reactor where the microbes break down the waste particulate. The methane produced by the archaea is then used to power the reactor, making it cheap to run.
In addition to their ability to use different energy sources, some species of Archaeoglobaceae are also known to form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. For example, some species of Archaeoglobaceae have been found living in association with tube worms, which are able to extract nutrients from the hydrothermal vent environment and ...