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The Soyuz programme (/ ˈ s ɔɪ juː z / SOY-yooz, / ˈ s ɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз, meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. [1]
Soyuz (Russian: Союз, lit. 'union', GRAU index: 11A511) is a family of Soviet and later Russian expendable medium-lift launch vehicles initially developed by the OKB-1 design bureau and manufactured by the Progress Rocket Space Centre factory in Samara, Russia.
Soyuz 7K-TM was the spacecraft used in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975, which saw the first and only docking of a Soyuz spacecraft with an Apollo command and service module. It was also flown in 1976 for the Earth-science mission, Soyuz 22. Soyuz 7K-TM served as a technological bridge to the third generation.
Falcon 9 Block 5, the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world.. This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit.
The first era of the Soyuz programme's crewed missions (Soyuz 1-40) used the 7K series of Soyuz craft, which included the first-generation (1.0) Soyuz 7K-OK, a variant (1.5) Soyuz 7K-OKS, the second-generation (2.0) Soyuz 7K-T, and the (2.5) Soyuz 7K-TM variant. Following this first era, successive eras of crewed missions have had mission ...
Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6: Scheduled Progress MS-30: ISS logistics: 8 April 2025 [150] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31: Planned Soyuz MS-27: ISS crew transport 26 June 2025 [151] Soyuz‑2.1b / Fregat-M: Vostochny, Site 1S: Planned Aist-2T №1 Aist-2T №2 Earth observation: 3 July 2025 [149] Soyuz‑2.1a Baikonur, Site 31/6: Scheduled ...
The project would help to assure access to space for Russia by acting as a backup launcher in the event of problems with the Angara rocket family. [7] As conceived in the mid-2010s, the smallest version was to be a 270-tonne rocket, intended as a replacement of the Soyuz-2 rocket, with an expected payload to LEO of 9 t (9,000 kg
The 1960s saw the R-7 series continue to develop, with Vostok 1 carrying the first human into space, Voskhod carrying multiple crew members, and the first Soyuz. As of 2025, Soyuz variants are still operational and have launched over 1,100 times. The R-7 family has launched more times than any other family of orbital rockets.