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Discover and modify source-code constructions (such as code blocks, classes, methods, protocols, etc.) as first-class objects at runtime. Convert a string matching the symbolic name of a class or function into a reference to or invocation of that class or function. Evaluate a string as if it were a source-code statement at runtime.
In Python, functions are first-class objects, just like strings, numbers, lists etc. This feature eliminates the need to write a function object in many cases. Any object with a __call__() method can be called using function-call syntax. An example is this accumulator class (based on Paul Graham's study on programming language syntax and ...
A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member) and a method.The syntax for reading and writing of properties is like for fields, but property reads and writes are (usually) translated to 'getter' and 'setter' method calls.
[[Category:List formatting and function templates]] to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of that page. Otherwise, add <noinclude>[[Category:List formatting and function templates]]</noinclude> to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character.
C# makes use of reification to provide "first-class" generic objects that can be used like any other class, with code generation performed at class-load time. [29] Furthermore, C# has added several major features to accommodate functional-style programming, culminating in the LINQ extensions released with C# 3.0 and its supporting framework of ...
Instead, the name of the parent or base class is used followed by the scope resolution operator. For example, the following code presents two classes, the base class Rectangle, and the derived class Box. Box overrides the Rectangle class's Print method, so as also to print its height. [7]
A related concept is inner types, also known as inner data type or nested type, which is a generalization of the concept of inner classes. C++ is an example of a language that supports both inner classes and inner types (via typedef declarations). [30] [31] A local class is a class defined within a procedure or function. Such structure limits ...
The factory method design pattern solves problems such as: How can an object's subclasses redefine its subsequent and distinct implementation? The pattern involves creation of a factory method within the superclass that defers the object's creation to a subclass's factory method.