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Prudence (Latin: prudentia, contracted from providentia meaning "seeing ahead, sagacity") is the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason. [1] It is classically considered to be a virtue, and in particular one of the four cardinal virtues (which are, with the three theological virtues, part of the seven virtues).
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2]
In Christian tradition, the seven heavenly virtues combine the four cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude with the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. The seven capital virtues , also known as seven lively virtues , contrary or remedial virtues, are those opposite the seven deadly sins .
Christian scholars frequently add the four classic cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, and courage) to the theological virtues to give the seven heavenly virtues; for example, these seven are the ones described in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, sections 1803–1829. In Christian tradition courage or fortitude is a gift of ...
Classical works about this topic are still influential today. In Aristotelian ethics, the concept was distinguished from other words for wisdom and intellectual virtues—such as episteme and sophia —because of its practical character. The traditional Latin translation is prudentia, which is the source of the English word "prudence".
Prudence, also known as practical wisdom, is the most important virtue for Aristotle. In war, soldiers must fight with prudence by making judgments through practical wisdom. This virtue is a must to obtain because courage requires judgments to be made. Temperance, or self-control, simply means moderation. Soldiers must display moderation with ...
The gift of wisdom corresponds to the virtue of charity. The gifts of understanding and knowledge correspond to the virtue of faith. The gift of counsel (right judgment) corresponds to the virtue of prudence. The gift of fortitude corresponds to the virtue of courage. The gift of fear of the Lord corresponds to the virtue of hope.
The fourth wall containing the Virtues addresses both the civil law of the secular state and the canon law of the Church. [3] Accordingly, three classical cardinal virtues (Fortitude, Prudence and Temperance) are attended by five putti, three of whom depict the theological virtues of Charity, Hope, and Faith. [4] On the left, Raphael painted ...