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HIV/AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital. [1] Without proper prevention, nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large numbers of people are developing AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care.
HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. [88] HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [89] part of the family Retroviridae. [90] Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics.
Populations who access HIV testing are less likely to engage in behaviors with high risk of contracting HIV, [16] so HIV testing is almost always a part of any strategy to encourage people to change their behaviors to become less likely to contract HIV. Over 60 countries impose some form of travel restriction, either for short or long-term ...
HIV rates have been decreasing in the region: From 2010 to 2020, new infections in eastern and southern Africa fell by 38%. [8] Still, South Africa has the largest population of people with HIV of any country in the world, at 8.45 million, [11] 13.9% [12] of the population as of 2022.
The affected community (also known as the HIV-affected community) is composed of people who are living with HIV and AIDS, plus individuals whose lives are directly influenced by HIV infection. [1] [2] This originally was defined as young to middle aged adults who associate with being gay or bisexual men, and or injection drug users.
The latter study – "The effects of global health initiatives on country health systems: a review of the evidence from HIV/AIDS control" – reviewed the literature on the effects of the Global fund, the World Bank MAP and PEPFAR on country health systems with respect to: 1) national policy; 2) coordination and planning; 3) stakeholder ...
The within-host dynamics of HIV infection include the spread of the virus in vivo, the establishment of latency, the effects of immune response on the virus, etc. [6] [7] Early studies used simple models and only considered the cell-free spreading of HIV, in which virus particles bud from an infected T cell, enter the blood/extracellular fluid ...
The Global Fund’s investments have reduced deaths from HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria by 61% since 2002, saving 65 million lives. [25] Recent efforts include lowering the cost of key treatments for drug-resistant TB by 55% and first-line HIV medications by 25%, while introducing a more effective insecticide-treated mosquito net. [26]