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Diabetes is a condition that causes blood sugar levels to become higher than normal. This is due to problems with how the body makes or uses insulin, the hormone that manages blood sugar (glucose ...
Management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle interventions, lowering other cardiovascular risk factors, and maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range. [27] Self-monitoring of blood glucose for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes may be used in combination with education, [ 94 ] although the benefit of self-monitoring in ...
[3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk. Other health problems compound the chronic complications of diabetes such as smoking , obesity , high blood pressure , elevated cholesterol levels, and lack of regular exercise .
The normal level for fasting blood sugar in non-diabetic patients is 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 and 5.5 mmol/L). Another useful test that has usually done in a laboratory is the measurement of blood HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) levels. In the blood, there is a molecule called hemoglobin which carries oxygen to the cells. Glucose can attach itself to this ...
Obesity has been found to contribute to approximately 55% of cases of type 2 diabetes; [10] chronic obesity leads to increased insulin resistance that can develop into type 2 diabetes, [11] most likely because adipose tissue (especially that in the abdomen around internal organs) is a source of several chemical signals, hormones and cytokines, to other tissues.
Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high. It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child. Other types of diabetes: Congenital diabetes – Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes – Steroid diabetes – Monogenic diabetes –
The main risk factor is a history of diabetes mellitus type 2. [4] Occasionally it may occur in those without a prior history of diabetes or those with diabetes mellitus type 1. [3] [4] Triggers include infections, stroke, trauma, certain medications, and heart attacks. [4] Other risk factors: Lack of sufficient insulin (but enough to prevent ...
The goals of treatment are to slow the progression of kidney damage and control related complications. Management of diabetic nephropathy currently centers over four main areas: Cardiovascular risk reduction, glycemic control, blood pressure control as well as inhibition of the RAAS system. [citation needed]