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The original form of Penrose tiling used tiles of four different shapes, but this was later reduced to only two shapes: either two different rhombi, or two different quadrilaterals called kites and darts. The Penrose tilings are obtained by constraining the ways in which these shapes are allowed to fit together in a way that avoids periodic tiling.
However, an aperiodic set of tiles can only produce non-periodic tilings. [1] [2] Infinitely many distinct tilings may be obtained from a single aperiodic set of tiles. [3] The best-known examples of an aperiodic set of tiles are the various Penrose tiles. [4] [5] The known aperiodic sets of prototiles are seen on the list of aperiodic sets of ...
In geometry, a tiling is a partition of the plane (or any other geometric setting) into closed sets (called tiles), without gaps or overlaps (other than the boundaries of the tiles). [1] A tiling is considered periodic if there exist translations in two independent directions which map the tiling onto itself.
An aperiodic tiling is a non-periodic tiling with the additional property that it does not contain arbitrarily large periodic regions or patches. A set of tile-types (or prototiles) is aperiodic if copies of these tiles can form only non-periodic tilings. The Penrose tilings are a well-known example of aperiodic tilings. [1] [2]
Some substitution tilings are periodic, defined as having translational symmetry. Every substitution tiling (up to mild conditions) can be "enforced by matching rules"—that is, there exist a set of marked tiles that can only form exactly the substitution tilings generated by the system. The tilings by these marked tiles are necessarily aperiodic.
One of the main themes of the book is to understand how the mathematical properties of aperiodic tilings such as the Penrose tiling, and in particular the existence of arbitrarily large patches of five-way rotational symmetry throughout these tilings, correspond to the properties of quasicrystals including the five-way symmetry of their Bragg ...
This form of the aperiodic Penrose tiling has two prototiles, a thick rhombus (shown blue in the figure) and a thin rhombus (green). In mathematics , a prototile is one of the shapes of a tile in a tessellation .
In more precise terms, Penrose tilings are examples of non-periodic tilings generated by aperiodic sets of prototiles. These tilings, a special case of the more general concept of non-periodic tilings, are named after mathematician and physicist Roger Penrose, who investigated them in the 1970s.