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In the United States, the price of for a vial of Humalog increased from US$35 in 2001 to $234 in 2015, [27] or $10.06 and $29.36 per 100 units. [28] In April 2019, Eli Lilly and Company announced they would produce a version selling for $137.35 per vial. [27]
Insulin lispro, marketed under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified form of medical insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [26] It is administered subcutaneously through injection or an insulin pump. [26] [27] The effects typically begin within 30 minutes and last for about 5 hours. [26]
The American Diabetes Association said in 2003 that, unlike some other longer-acting insulins, glargine should not be diluted or mixed with other insulin or solution in the same syringe, due to the low pH of its diluent. [16] However, a 2004 study found that mixing glargine with other insulins did not affect short-term glycemic profile. [17]
The unit of insulin was set by the insulin committee at the University of Toronto. [53] The unit evolved eventually to the old USP insulin unit, where one unit (U) of insulin was set equal to the amount of insulin required to reduce the concentration of blood glucose in a fasting rabbit to 45 m g/d L (2.5 m mol/L). Once the chemical structure ...
These three structural changes and formulation with zinc result in a prolonged action when compared with biosynthetic human insulin. When the pH 4.0 solution is injected, most of the material precipitates and is not bioavailable. A small amount is immediately available for use, and the remainder is sequestered in subcutaneous tissue.
The blood insulin level can be measured in international units, such as μIU/mL or in molar concentration, such as pmol/L, where 1 μIU/mL equals 6.945 pmol/L. [64] A typical blood level between meals is 8–11 μIU/mL (57–79 pmol/L). [65]
Insulin detemir, sold under the brand name Levemir among others, is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin used to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [6] It is used by injection under the skin. [6]
Insulin aspart, sold under the brand name Novolog, among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [18] It is generally used by injection under the skin (into the abdomen, buttocks, thighs, or upper arms) but may also be used by injection into a vein. [18]