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By splitting the data into multiple parts, we can check if an analysis (like a fitted model) based on one part of the data generalizes to another part of the data as well. [144] Cross-validation is generally inappropriate, though, if there are correlations within the data, e.g. with panel data . [ 145 ]
Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science. According to Vitaly Friedman (2008) the "main ...
Tukey defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data."
In 2012, one of the main visual analytics experts, Ben Shneiderman, is co-authored in a paper mentioning guided analytics among the “interactive dynamics for visual analysis”. [2] A good quote from J. Heer and B. Schneirderman paper is “visual-analysis systems can incorporate guided analytics to lead analysts through workflows for common ...
Data virtualization is an approach to data management that allows an application to retrieve and manipulate data without requiring technical details about the data, such as how it is formatted at source, or where it is physically located, [1] and can provide a single customer view (or single view of any other entity) of the overall data.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is defined as any human communication that occurs through the use of two or more electronic devices. [1] While the term has traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer-mediated formats (e.g., instant messaging, email, chat rooms, online forums, social network services), it has also been applied to other forms of text-based ...
Interactive Visual Analysis is an iterative process. Discoveries made after brushing of the data and looking at the linked views can be used as a starting point for repeating the process, leading to a form of information drill-down. As an example, consider the analysis of data from a simulation of a combustion engine.
The process is named in one word, a short sentence, or a phrase that is clearly to express its essence. [7] Data flow. Data flow (flow, dataflow) shows the transfer of information (sometimes also material) from one part of the system to another. The symbol of the flow is the arrow.