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Fractionation of dose, dose rate, the application of antioxidants and other factors may affect the precise threshold at which a tissue reaction occurs. Tissue reactions include skin reactions (epilation, erythema, moist desquamation), cataracts, circulatory disease, and other conditions.
The oxygen effect is quantified by measuring the radiation sensitivity or Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) of a particular biological effect (e.g., cell death or DNA damage), [14] which is the ratio of doses under pure oxygen and anoxic conditions.
There are several factors that affect this: Free-space path loss: This is the fundamental loss that occurs due to the spreading of the radio wave as it propagates through space. [ 2 ] It follows an inverse square law, meaning the signal strength decreases proportionally to the square of the distance between the transmitter and receiver.
In telecommunications, desensitization (also known as receiver blocking) is a form of electromagnetic interference where a radio receiver is unable to receive a weak radio signal that it might otherwise be able to receive when there is no interference.
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
Design of a radio receiver must consider several fundamental criteria to produce a practical result. The main criteria are gain, selectivity, sensitivity, and stability.. The receiver must contain a detector to recover the information initially impressed on the radio carrier signal, a process called modulati
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
Radio noise near in frequency to a received radio signal (in the receiver's passband) interferes (RFI) with the operation of the receiver's circuitry.The level of noise determines the maximum sensitivity and reception range of a radio receiver; if no noise were picked up with radio signals, even weak transmissions could be received at virtually any distance by making a radio receiver that had ...